异质技术推广方式对粮食单产的影响与机制研究——基于知识密集度与经营规模的视角

Research on the Influence and Mechanism of Heterogeneous Technology Extension Methods on Grain Yield: Based on the Perspective of Knowledge Intensity and Business Scale

培训和示范是农业技术推广过程中提升生产绩效的有效方法和重要途径。本文在理论分析的基础上,采用2015年中国四个省份调查数据,以水稻和玉米为例,实证研究了培训和示范两种技术推广方式对不同技术复杂程度作物单产提升的影响及内在机制。研究结果表明,培训和示范对不同技术复杂程度作物的单产提升作用存在差异,培训对技术复杂作物单产的提升作用优于示范,示范对技术简单作物的单产提升作用相较培训更加明显。培训通过改变知识密集型和技术密集型生产环节的农户要素投入行为来提升作物单产;示范通过改变劳动密集型和资本密集型环节的农户要素投入行为来提升作物单产。根据研究结果,本文提出要针对作物技术类型采用有针对性的和相适性的技术推广方式,这不仅有助于农户生产绩效的提高,也更加有利于农业技术推广效率的提升。

Training and demonstration are effective methods and important ways to improve production performance in the process of agricultural technology extension.Based on theoretical analysis,this paper uses the survey data in 2015 in four provinces in China,taking rice and maize as examples,to empirically study the impact and the internal mechanism of training and demonstration on the improvement of crop yield with different technical complexity.The research results show that training and demonstration have differences in the improvement of the yield of crops with different technical complexity.The effect of training on the yield of technically complex crops is better than that of demonstration.The effect of demonstration on the yield of simple technical crops is more obvious than that of training.Training improves crops yield by changing the factor input behavior of farmers in knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive production links.Demonstration improves crops yield by changing the factor input behavior of farmers in labor-intensive and capital-intensive production links.According to the research results,it is proposed to adopt targeted and appropriate technology extension methods for the types of crop technologies,which will not only help to improve the production performance of farmers,but also be more conducive to the improvement of the efficiency of agricultural technology extension.