不同消毒方式对土壤酶活性及土传病原真菌消减的影响

Effects of different soil disinfection methods on soil enzyme activities and soil-borne diseases

为探究不同消毒方法对土壤环境的影响,本研究以北京昌平连作多年的草莓地为研究对象,通过设置田间试验对比物理防控方法活性炭+太阳辐射膜覆盖与化学熏蒸剂棉隆和氯化苦对土壤温度、养分和酶活性的影响及对土传病原真菌的消减效果。结果表明:高剂量活性炭+太阳辐射膜覆盖可使土壤表层温度迅速升高至50℃以上,在0~10cm土层内对土传病原真菌镰刀菌和疫霉菌的减退率分别达90%和85%以上;活性炭的添加使土壤养分含量显著增加,同时激活土壤酶活性。然而,化学药剂棉隆和氯化苦熏蒸对镰刀菌和疫霉菌的减退率均达95%以上,但同时也降低了土壤养分含量和抑制了土壤酶活性。因此,活性炭+太阳辐射膜覆盖作为一种非化学土壤消毒方法,在改良土壤、连作地土传病原菌的防治具有较大的潜力,为实现连作草莓土传病害的绿色防控提供了新途径。

In order to explore the impact of different disinfection methods on the soil environment,the strawberry field in Beijing Changping,which has been continuesly cropped for many years was taken as research object.Field experiments were established to investigate the impact of different soil disinfection methods on soil temperature,nutrients,and enzyme activity,and its effect of reducing soil-borne pathogenic fungi.The results showed that:Highdose activated carbon+solarizing film could quickly increase the surface temperature of the soil to above 50℃.And the reduction effects on soil borne pathogenic fungi Fusarium spp.and Phytophthora spp.were better,and the reduction rates in the 0~10 cm soil layer were more than 90%and 85%,respectively.At the same time,soil nutrients increased significantly and soil enzyme activity was activated with the addition of activated carbon.Although the chemical fumigants dazomet and chloropicrin fumigation had a good control effect on Fusarium spp.and Phytophthora spp.,the content of soil nutrients and inhibited the activity of soil enzymes were also decreased.Therefore,the nonchemical soil disinfection method,active carbon+solar radiation film mulching,has great potential in improving soil and controlling soil borne pathogens during continuous cropping,which provides a new way for green control of soil borne diseases in continuous cropping fields.