我国玉米生产的要素替代性

Substitution relationships of key factors in China corn production

为准确把握劳动力价格快速上涨背景下我国玉米生产中的要素替代关系,基于超越对数生产函数模型,采用2000—2016年省级面板数据,从全国和区域2个层面对要素产出弹性及要素之间的替代弹性进行了实证研究,进而探讨我国玉米生产的技术选择方向。结果表明:1)我国玉米生产中机械有效地替代了劳动要素,替代弹性为1.099,玉米收获机械化快速发展发挥出重要作用;2)相比北方春玉米区和黄淮海夏玉米区,我国西南优势玉米区机械对劳动的替代速度加快;3)样本期间化肥的产出水平持续下降,它对劳动、机械的替代程度在逐渐减弱;4)玉米生产采取了以机械技术为主,以生物化学技术为辅的技术。我国玉米生产需要进一步加强农机农艺的结合,因地制宜地促进机械化发展。

The aim of this study was to accurately grasp the substitution relationship between corn production factors under the background of rapid labor price increase.Based on the transcendental logarithmic production function model,the factor output elasticity from the national and regional levels was investigated by using the provincial panel data from 2000-2016.An empirical study was conducted on the elasticity of substitution between elements,and the direction of technology selection for corn production in China was discussed.The results show that:1) China’s corn production effectively replaces the labor factor,the substitution elasticity was 1.099,and the rapid development of corn harvest mechanization played an important role;2) Compared with the northern spring corn area and the Huanghuai sea summer corn area,the southwest advantage of China The replacement speed of labor in the corn area was accelerated;3) The output level of chemical fertilizers continued to decline during the sample period.The degree of substitution for labor and machinery was gradually weakening;4) The production of corn adopted mechanical technology and biochemical technology As supplementary technology.China’s corn production needs to further strengthen the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy,and promote mechanization development according to local conditions.