新冠肺炎流行期间一线护理人员心理应激反应的调查研究

Investigation on the psychological stress of frontline nursing staff during the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间一线护理人员的心理应激反应。方法收集宁夏某三级甲等医院急诊科、发热门诊、感染疾病科、呼吸内科及援助武汉护理人员共170名,于护理人员在一线抗击疫情后7 d应用《一般资料调查表》及《突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷量表》进行心理状况调查,并针对现存的心理应激问题给予一定的干预,干预后14 d评价效果。结果新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情流行期间一线护理人员心理应激问题检出率为61.76%。检出的因子排序为恐惧32人次,抑郁30人次,神经衰弱21人次,强迫-焦虑13人次,疑病9人次。科室间心理应激反应中恐惧、抑郁、疑病、强迫-焦虑4个维度相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),神经衰弱维度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后心理应激问题检出率为35.29%。检出的因子排序为恐惧18人次,抑郁17人次,神经衰弱13人次,强迫焦虑11人次,疑病2人次。科室间心理应激反应中抑郁、神经衰弱及焦虑3个维度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),恐惧和疑病维度差异无统计学意义。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间一线护理人员存在一定的心理应激问题,通过规范培训、心理疏导等方式能够引导护理人员正确面对公共危机,降低心理应激,提高心理应对。

Objective To explore the psychological stress of frontline nursing staff during the epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia.Methods 170 frontline nurses from the Emergency Department,Fever Clinic,Infectious Disease Department,Respiratory Medicine Department as well as those assisting Wuhan nursing staff in a Grade III Hospital of Ningxia were selected and surveyed by applying,after 7 days of their fighting against the epidemic,the General Information Questionnaire and Psychological Questionnaire for Public Health Emergencies were studied.The certain intervention methods for the existing psychological stress problem was provided and evaluated the effect analysis after 14 days’intervention.Results The detection rate of psychological stress problems was 61.76%among frontline nursing staff during the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia.The detected factors were ranked as 32 times of fear,30 times of depression,21 times of neurasthenia,13 times of compulsive anxiety,and 9 times of hypochondria.The four dimensions of fear,depression,hypochondriasis,and compulsive anxiety in the psychological stress between departments were compared.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the difference in the neurasthenia dimension was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The detection rate of psychological stress problems was 35.29%after intervention.The factors detected were ranked as 18 times of fear,17 times of depression,13 times of neurasthenia,11 times of compulsive anxiety,and 2 times of hypothesis.The three dimensions of depression,neurasthenia and anxiety in the psychological stress response between departments were statistically significant(P<0.05),while the differences in the dimensions of fear and hypochondria were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion During the epidemic of COVID-19,there are certain psychological stress problems in the frontline nursing staff.Standardized training and psychological counseling can guide nursing staff to confront public crises correctly,reduce psychological stress,and improve psychological response.