黄河干流水沙关系变化及其成因分析

Study on water-sediment relationship in the Yellow River

通过对黄河干流1950-2015年水沙资料的分析,利用M-K检验法及双累积曲线法,采用来沙系数研究了黄河干流水沙关系的变化特征。研究结果表明:黄河干流水文站除唐乃亥、艾山和利津站外,其他水文站的来沙系数均显示出不同程度的减小趋势,整体上水沙搭配关系发生了较大变化;此外,除唐乃亥站外,其他各站年输沙量的减小速率均大于径流量的减小速率;并且年输沙量与年径流量具有幂函数关系。最后,从降水变化、水土保持、水库调水拦沙和引水引沙等方面分析了引起黄河流域河道水沙关系变化的主要成因。

Based on the income sediment coefficient of the Yellow River in 1950-2015, the relationship between water and sediment is studied by Mann-Kendall test and cumulative curve analysis method. Results show that the sediment income coefficients at most mainstream hydrological stations reduced gradually in different degrees, except Tangnaihai station and Lijin station, and the corresponding water and sediment collocation relationship changed significantly. In addition, the rate of annual sediment reduction is higher than that of the runoff in most mainstream hydrological stations, except Tangnaihai station. Furthermore, the relationship between annual sediment load and annual runoff of each hydrological station shows a power function. Finally, the impact of precipitation changes, soil and water conservation, silt trapping by reservoirs, and water and sediment diversion on the variations in runoff and sediment in the Yellow River are analyzed in detail.