论明万历年间“谈录类”笔记诞生的谈话场合

Study on the Talk Occasions with“Talk-recording”Notes born in the Wanli Period of Ming Dynasty

在古代笔记中,有相当一部分著作是通过谈话记录的方式最终形成的。前人虽对谈话与笔记之间的关系有过一定探讨,但对于“谈录类”笔记所诞生的谈话场合仍未能加以细致区分。通过对明万历年间“谈录类”笔记的分析,发现谈话场合主要有家庭私谈、师友聚谈、客谈、社谈四种。不同的谈话场合往往对应着不同的谈话内容、谈话形式、谈话风格等。这些因素不仅影响到笔记的内容构成,也通过文人的执笔记录在笔记的体制、语体、体式、体性中打下烙印。“谈录类”笔记的生成过程提示人们:只有将笔记背后的文化活动或文化行为加以还原,才能更加深入地探讨笔记的文体特征与笔记文本的内在肌理。

A considerable part of ancient notes were formed finally by the way of recording talks.Although the relationships between talk and note-taking have been discussed by predecessors,the talk occasions with“talk-recording”notes born has not been analyzed.Through the study of the“talk-recording”notes in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty,four kinds of talk occasions are concluded:family talk,teacher-friend talk,guest talk and social talk.Different talk occasions involve different contents,ways,styles and so on which affect not only the details of notes but also the systems,forms,types and traits through literati's recording.The generation process of“talk-recording”notes suggests that only by restoring the cultural activities or cultural behaviors behind the notes can the stylistic features and internal structure of notes be explored more deeply.