松筠从重处置“蒲大芳案”原因探析

Study on the Causes of the Heavy Punishment by Song Yun in “Pudafang Case”

松筠长期任职藩部地区,有为于乾、嘉、道三朝边政。然而论者对其于新疆办理的几起大案,颇显争议。尤其是处死一百九十余人的“蒲大芳案”,多为后世诟病,以为松筠迎合上意,故意为之。笔者找出尚未引人注意的松筠所著的《绥服纪略》中对该案的一段总结诗文,从边疆视角,结合官方与私家文献,以及案发地区文化背景和清廷藩部制度与政策,逐条分析,详细展示处置案件具体过程,试图揭示松筠处斩百余名叛兵的时空背景与直接原因。该案也从一个侧面反映了多元一体进程之跌宕起伏、丰富多样和统一多民族国家形成史的深刻底涵。

Song Yun made great contribution to the border governance committing to three emperors of Qian Long,Jia Qing and Daoguang period.Scholars are controversial about several major cases handled by Song Yun in Xinjiang."Pudafang case",involving execution of over one hundred and ninety people,was criticized for his flattering and deliberate act.The author found out a summary of the case in Suifu Records written by Song Yun and made detailed analysis on the case process from the perspective of frontier based on other official and private documents,culture background of the crime region,system and policy of the Qing Court and border area to reveal the historical background and immediate cause of Song Yun’s execution of over hundred insurgents.The case reflects from one side the ups and downs of the process of pluralism and integration,and the deep connotation of the formation history of a unified multi-ethnic country.