北魏“牛川”地望补证

Study on the Location of “Niuchuan” in the Northern Wei Dynasty

牛川为北魏前期历史上的一个重要地名,自拓跋珪在此即代王位后,多次出现在北魏皇帝的巡游、狩猎和北征活动中。对于其地望历来有不同意见。通过对牛川大会的性质分析,阴山南北部族关系、民族分布的认识,以及有关"荒干"一词的语言学性质的讨论,可以基本确认,今内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市卓资县境内流向呼和浩特市区的大黑河上游河段,亦即古"荒干水"上游,就是《魏书》中所记载的"牛川"。

Niuchuan is an important geographical name in the early history of the Northern Wei Dynasty.It had appeared in the itineraries,hunts and northern expeditions of the Northern Wei emperors for many times.There have always been different opinions about its location.The tribal relation and ethnic distribution in the north-south area of Yinshan Mountains,as well as the linguistic discussion of the word"Huanggan",it can be basically confirmed that the upstream of Daheihe,called"Huangganshui"in Ancient time,flowing from Wulanchabu City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region into Hohhot City is the location of"Niuchuan"written in the book Wei Shu.