陕北地区有机肥配施与钾肥运筹对马铃薯产量的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application and Potassium Fertilizer Operation on Potato Yield in Northern Shaanxi

为探究陕北地区有机肥配施及钾肥追肥配比量对马铃薯产量的影响,本试验以当地主栽品种‘克新1号’为试材,采用田间小区试验方法,研究了在施肥总量相同的条件下不同钾肥基追量及有机肥配施对马铃薯产量的影响。本试验共设置6个处理:T1(常规施肥)、T2(3/4基肥+1/4追肥+25%有机肥)、T3(3/4基+1/4追肥+50%有机肥)、T4(1/2基+1/2追肥+25%有机肥)、T5(1/2基+1/2追肥+50%有机肥)、T6(CK,不施肥)。结果表明:有机肥配施能显著提高马铃薯株高、茎粗、干物质量,同时可以增加单株结薯数和单薯重量,提高马铃薯的商品薯率,T2~T5处理的商品薯率在86.80%~90.37%之间,显著高于T1和T6处理;T5处理的单薯重量最大,较CK和常规施肥分别提高24.37%和17.66%。从产量结果看,T5处理的亩产量最高且为1219.92 kg,较T1和T6处理增产29.90%、52.32%;其次为T4处理,亩产量为1123.79 kg,较T1和T6处理增产19.67%、40.32%。因此,在陕北地区,马铃薯有机肥配施25%~50%,钾肥1/2做基肥、1/2做追肥产量效果最佳。

In order to explore the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and potassium topdressing ratio on the potato yield in northern Shaanxi,the local main cultivar named‘Kexin No.1’was used as the test material in this experiment,and field plot experiments were carried to study the potato yields from six groups with different treatments under the same conditions in the total amount of fertilizer,according to the base fertilizer and topdressing amount of potassium fertilizer and the combined application of organic fertilizer,the six treatments were as follows,i.e.,T1(conventional fertilization),T2(3/4 base fertilizer+1/4 trodressing+25%organic fertilizer),T3(3/4 base fertilizer+1/4 trodressing+50%organic fertilizer),T4(1/2 base fertilizer+1/2 trodressing+25%organic fertilizer),T5(1/2 base fertilizer+1/2 trodressing+50%organic fertilizer),and T6(CK no fertilization).The results showed that,combined application of organic fertilizer could significantly improve the plant height,stem diameter and dry matter weight of potato,increased the number and weight of potato per plant,and improved the commercial potato rate of potato.The commercial potato rate of T2~T5 treatment ranged from 86.80%to 90.37%,which was significantly higher than that of T1 and T6 treatments.The weight of potatoes per plant was the largest in T5 treatments,which was increased by 24.37%and 17.66%compared with that of CK and conventional fertilization,respectively.From the yield results,the highest yield of T5 treatment was 1219.92 kg,which increased by 29.90%and 52.32%compared with T1 and T6 treatments,the higher yield of T4 treatment was 1123.79 kg,which increased by 19.67%and 40.32%compared with T1 and T6 treatments.Therefore,in northern Shaanxi,the potato organic fertilizer application of 25%~50%,potash fertilizer 1/2 as base fertilizer,1/2 as topdressing yield effect was the best.