陕北地区景观格局及生态风险评估——基于土地利用变化

Landscape Pattern and Ecological Risk Assessment by Using Land Use Changes in Northern Shaanxi Province

陕北地区生境破碎、生态脆弱,分析区域内用地格局及生态风险的变迁对促进黄河流域高质量发展具有重要意义。本研究基于陕北地区2000年、2010年和2020年土地利用数据,借助景观格局指数与生态风险评价模型,评估了区域土地利用格局的变迁及生态风险的时空分异。结果表明:①区域用地类型主要以草地和耕地为主,约占77%;2000年—2020年间,耕地、森林、水体面积分别增加3.65万hm^(2)、0.34万hm^(2)、0.03万hm^(2),草地、灌木地、湿地面积减少,建设用地增加快速。②区域整体生态破碎化程度减弱,但是耕地和林地的破碎化程度增加且形状趋于复杂多样,湿地和水体的景观斑块趋于分散。③区域内高风险区和较高风险区的占比分别从4.41%、5.40%下降到4.12%、5.28%,整体生态风险得到改善,高生态风险区主要集中在榆林市靠近内蒙古乌审旗的一些地区。当前,生态环境仍是制约黄河流域高质量发展的瓶颈,需要坚持统筹山水林田湖草沙高质量治理与生态工程建设,全面改善生态环境质量是夯实陕北地区社会生产基础,也是引领黄河流域生态产业高质量发展的先决条件。

As the habitats in Northern Shaanxi are fragmented and ecologically fragile,it is important to analyze the changes of land use pattern and ecological risk in the region to promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.This study utilized the land-use data of 2000,2010,and 2020 in the Northern Shaanxi region to evaluate the spatio-temporal variations in land use patterns and ecological risks.The results indicated that,the grassland and cultivated land were the main land-use types in the region,accounting for about 77%.During the period of 2000-2020,the areas of cultivated land,forest,and water increased by 36500 hm^(2),3400 hm^(2),and 300 hm^(2),espectively,while the areas of grassland,shrubland,and wetland decreased.There was a rapid increase in construction land.The overall ecological fragmentation in the region has decreased,but the fragmentation of cultivated land and forest increased,leading to a complex and diverse shape.Wetlands and water areas tend to have dispersed landscape patches.The proportion of high-risk and moderately high-risk areas in the region decreased from 4.41%and 5.40%to 4.12%and 5.28%,respectively.Overall ecological risks had improved,and the high ecological risk areas were mainly concentrated in some regions of Yulin City near Uxin Banner in Inner Mongolia.Currently,the ecological environment was still the bottleneck restricting the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,it was necessary to insist on the integration of various land use patterns of highquality governance and ecological engineering construction.The comprehensive improvement in the quality of the ecological environment was a prerequisite for strengthening the social production foundation in the Northern Shaanxi region,and leading the high-quality development of the ecological industries in the Yellow River Basin.