草甘膦施用量对转基因玉米杂草防效、产量以及CP4-EPSPS合酶表达的影响

Effects Glyphosate Application Amount on Weed Control,Yield and CP4-EPSPS Synthase Expression in Transgenic Maize

为了解草甘膦施加量对种植于内蒙古农牧业科学院生物育种科研试验基地的转基因玉米杂草防效、产量以及CP4-EPSPS合酶表达量的影响,本文对转基因玉米DBN9936系列远科105品种进行2250 mL/hm^(2)、3000 mL/hm^(2)和3750 mL/hm^(2)41%草甘膦处理,提取并测定远科105D品种中CP4-EPSPS蛋白的表达量,结合施药过程中的药害、除草效果、产量的测定等数据。研究结果表明:转基因玉米DBN9936系列远科105D品种中抗草甘膦蛋白CP4-EPSPS为组成型表达蛋白,在玉米的不同生育期内都能稳定表达,并不与草甘膦的施加量成正比。在喷洒草甘膦后的第45 d进行杂草统计:施加3750 mL/hm^(2)的41%草甘膦可以将田间94.8%的稗、藜、反枝苋、狗尾草、蒺藜等杂草清除掉,而施加3000 mL/hm^(2)的41%草甘膦除草率为93.1%,施加2250 mL/hm^(2)的草甘膦除草率为87.7%。产量数据表明,有效防控草害能提高玉米产量约16%,而不同草甘膦施药量对玉米的增产并不明显。综上,考虑到内蒙古中西部沙壤土中主要杂草的种类和数量,喷洒2250mL/hm^(2)的草甘膦是既节约成本,也能有效除草,并且也不会明显降低产量的一个合适的施药量。

In order to understand the effect of Glyphosate application amount on the weed control,yield and CP4-EPSPS synthase expression in the transgenic maize planted in the biological breeding research base of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,the transgenic maize DBN9936 series Yuanke 105 were treated with 2250 mL/hm^(2),3000 mL/hm^(2) and 3750 mL/hm^(2) Glyphosate,respectively.The expression level of CP4-EPSPS protein in Yuanke 105 was extracted and measured,and the pesticide damage,weed control effect,and yield were also measured.The results showed that the protein CP4-EPSPS in the DBN9936 series Yuanke 105 was a constitutive expression protein,which could be stably expressed in different growth stages of maize,and was not proportional to the a Glyphosate application amount.Weed control effects were carried out on the 45th day after the Glyphosate spraying.It showed that 94.8%of the weeds in the field,such as chenopodium album,polygonum hydropiper,amaranth,Setaria viridis viridis,barnyard grass,and tribulus terrestris,could be removed by applying 3750 mL/hm^(2) of Glyphosate,while 93.1%of applying 3000 mL/hm^(2) of Glyphosate,and 87.7%of applying 2250 mL/hm^(2) of Glyphosate.The yield data showed that effective weed control could increase the yield of maize by about 16%.However,different Glyphosate application rates did not significantly increase the yield of maize.To sum up,considering the species and quantity of main weeds in the sandy loam soil in central and western Inner Mongolia,spraying 2250 mL/hm^(2) of Glyphosate may be a suitable amount that could not only save costs,but also effectively control weeds,and does not significantly reduce the yield.