民国时期内蒙古中部地区的土地占有状况及地权转移——以和林格尔县威远窑子村为中心

Land Possession Situation and Land Rights Transfer in the Central Region of Inner Mongolia during the Period of Republic of China——Centered on Weiyuanyaozi Village in Horinger County

无论是从威远窑子村的土地占有情况看,还是从萨县专区的情况看,在民国时期内蒙古中部地区,占人口总数不到10%的地主占有土地总数的20%—30%,富农和中农无论是人口数量还是占有土地的数量,都在总人口及土地总数的40%—60%之间,贫雇农人口数量占总人口的30%—40%,仅占有20%左右的土地。贫雇农缺乏土地是一个严重的社会问题。农民失去土地的主要因素包括利息高企的民间借贷、沉重的税负,严重的自然灾害和个体农民的不良嗜好也有一定的影响。

Whether viewed from the land possession situation of Weiyuanyaozi Village or the situation of Saxian Prefecture,which was in the central region of Inner Mongolia during the Republic of China,the landowners who accounted for less than 10%of the population occupied 20%—30%of the total land area,while rich peasants and middle peasants both accounted for 40%to 60%of the total population and the total land area.The poor and employed peasants accounted for 30%—40%of the total population and occupied only about 20%of the total land area.The lack of farmland for poor and hired peasants is a serious social problem.The main factors for farmers to lose land include private loans with high interest,heavy taxes,serious natural disasters and the bad habits of individual farmers also play a role.