李斯的双驱式追求与“魔鬼契约”

Li Si’s Dual-drive Pursuit and "Devil Contract"

受“厕中鼠”与“仓中鼠”不同处境的启示,李斯决定千方百计追求高官厚禄。来到秦国后,他帮助秦完成统一大业,并设计规划了秦大一统的政治体制,在推进历史发展的同时,也一步步升迁到秦相之位。随着君主专制的加剧,为了保住权位,李斯逐渐由推进事业发展到谄媚迎合君主,参与沙丘政变,并最终被赵高送上了断头台。早期的李斯将推进和巩固秦统一与自己的富贵追求结合起来,属于“双驱合一”;后期的李斯则将自己的功名富贵置于国家利益之上,属于“双驱互搏”。李斯的心理动因及社会环境的变化,决定了他的前期成功与最终悲惨结局。

Inspired by the different situations of"the rat in the toilet"and"the rat in the granary",Li Si decided to pursue high office and wealth by all means.After coming to Qin,he helped Qin accomplish the great cause of unification,and designed a unified political system of Qin Dynasty,which not only promoted the historical development,but also helped him gradually rise to the position of Qin prime minister.With the intensification of the absolute monarchy,in order to keep his power,Li Si gradually changed from promoting his career to flattering the monarch,even participating in the Dune coup,and was eventually sent to the guillotine by Zhao Gao.In the early period,Li Si combined the promotion and consolidation of Qin unification with his own pursuit of wealth and fortune,which belonged to the"dual-drive unity".In the later period,Li Si put his fame and wealth above the national interests,which belonged to the"dual-drive conflict".Li Si’s psychological motivation and the change of social environment decided his early success and the final tragic outcome.