金代女真人膳食文化考论

On the dietary culture of Jurchen in Jin dynasty

金代女真人在与周边民族长期的交流交融中,形成并构建了独特的膳食文化。农业的发展为女真人提供了丰富的谷物类食物,渔猎和畜牧业的发展改善了女真人的肉食结构。通过与不同地区的交流,女真人引入了蔬果培育技术,并形成了饮茶习俗。受混合经济和寒冷气候的影响,金代女真人的膳食具有五谷杂粮摄入多样、乳制品摄入丰富、食用腌制蔬菜等特点。女真人的膳食结构和膳食特点不但呈现出鲜明的区域特征和民族特性,也反映了不同民族以饮食为纽带互通有无、交流融合的过程。

In the Jin dynasty,Jurchen formed and constructed a unique dietary culture through the long-term communication and integration with the surrounding ethnic groups.The development of agriculture had provided rich grain food for the Jurchen,and the development of fishing,hunting and animal husbandry had improved the meat structure of the Jurchen.Through exchanges with different regions,Jurchen introduced vegetable and fruit cultivation techniques and formed tea drinking customs.Due to the influence of mixed economy and cold climate,the diet of the Jurchen in the Jin dynasty was characterized by various intake of cereals,rich intake of dairy products and consumption of pickled vegetables.The dietary structure and characteristics of Jurchens not only exhibit distinct regional and national characteristics,but also reflect the process of different ethnic groups using food as a bond to communicate and integrate.