石刻所见辽代寡居妇女生活境况

Living conditions of widowed women in Liao Dynasty seen from stone inscriptions

辽代留存下来的墓志、神道碑、佛幢中有不少石刻文涉及寡居妇女这一群体,该群体从民族上看,有汉族人、有契丹族人;从身份上看,有平民、有贵族。成为寡居妇女后却有着相似的生活经历,即处理丈夫后事,抚养子女,老年接受赡养,信奉佛教以求精神解脱等。采用碑刻史料与传世文献相结合的“二重证据法”及数据统计法对辽代寡居妇女的生活境况进行分析,展现辽代寡居妇女勤俭持家、坚守妇道、顽强不屈的美德和精神风貌,为进一步研究辽代寡居妇女生活境况提供参考。

There are a lot of materials about widowed women in the epitaphs,Shinto tablets,Buddhist buildings and documents of Liao Dynasty.From the ethnic point of view,there are Han people and Qidan people;From the perspective of identity,there are civilians and nobles.But after becoming widowed women,they have similar life experiences,that is,dealing with their husbands’affairs,raising children,receiving support in old age,and believing in Buddhism for spiritual liberation.This study analyzes the living conditions of widowed women in the Liao Dynasty by means of the"double evidence method"and the data statistics method,which combines the historical materials of inscriptions with the handed down documents,to show the virtues and spiritual features of the widowed women in the Liao Dynasty,such as hard-working and thrifty family management,adherence to women’s ethics and indomitable,and to provide reference for further study of the widowed women in the Liao Dynasty.