从犯罪构成体系角度考察设立“见危不救”罪的可能路径

On the possible way to set up the crime of "not providing relief while facing danger" from the perspective of the constitution of the crime

针对能否及如何在中国设立"见危不救"罪的问题,提出在发挥刑法的明示机能的前提下,通过限定各构成要件要素、责任要素与法益侵害的严重性作为严格限制处罚范围的路径。其中,构成要件符合性中要对作为义务人范围、结果回避可能性与结果的实害性予以限定;责任要素中应当仅肯定故意形态,而否认过失形态;而在犯罪特殊形态中应当否认其存在未遂形态并通过删除"排他性"要件以解释行为人的作为义务来源。

In view of the questions about whether and how to set up the crime of "not providing relief while facing danger" in China, this paper holds that it is a feasible way to strictly limit the scope of punishment by limiting the elements of constitutive elements, liability elements and the seriousness of legal interest infringement on the premise of giving full play to the express function of criminal law. Among them, the scope of being an obligor, the possibility of avoiding the result and the actual harmfulness of the result should be limited in the conformity of constitutive elements. In the elements of responsibility, only the intentional form should be affirmed, while the negligent form should be denied. In the special forms of crime, the attempted form should be denied and the source of obligation should be explained by deleting the element of "exclusiveness".