试论足利义满的对明外交

On the Diplomacy of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu between Ming Dynasty and Japan in the Muromachi Period

15世纪初,足利义满与明朝建交,改写了10世纪以后日、中间无官方往来的历史,使日中在此后的百余年间维持了相对稳定的政治、贸易往来,在日中关系史上具有重要意义。然而,日本历史上围绕足利义满对明外交的评价却是褒贬不一。与室町时期以及战前的批判论相比,近年的日本史学界出现了迥然不同的论调,以足利义满“尊大”论为代表的观点重新引发了关于足利义满外交与明朝册封体制关系的热议。尽管这些讨论丰富了足利义满研究的相关成果,但其所得结论却值得商榷。

Early 15th century,Ashikaga Yoshimitsu established diplomatic relations with Ming Dynasty,changed the history of no official dealings between Japan and China since 10th century,kept relatively stable political and trade contacts with China for more than a hundred years.That is of great significance in the history of China-Japan relations.But the historical evaluations about the diplomacy of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu were mixed of praise and criticism.Comparing the critical evaluations in Muromachi Period and before World War II,some new opinions appeared recently and caused hot discussions on this subject.Although these discussions enriched the research results on the diplomacy of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu,but some of the conclusions are debatable.In order to avoid impractical evaluation about the diplomacy of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu,different angle and comprehensive analysis are apparently necessary.