“庭园之岛”:日本的环境立国战略与实践

The Island of Gardens:The Environment-oriented Strategy and Practice of Japan

战后日本经济经历了高度增长、安定增长和零增长的变化,日本企业在这个过程中历经重生的历练和大转型。除此之外,日本人也正面临着价值观方面的根本性转变。“观光产业”是社会的综合性展现,涉及生产、流通、服务、生活等方方面面,体现社会的整体面貌和文明程度。“观光”是异文化体验,日本“观光”还是文明的体验,“日本的自然及地方魅力是观光资源”,加上日本的文明程度构成日本观光两大要素,形成日本一大产业。观光立国的根本是“环境立国”,而“环境”是“生活方式”(“文化”)的结果,日本的“旅游”“观光”所体现环境立国的特征,折射了当代社会面临新的哲学与价值观转变的挑战,是人类社会新的历史转折期的现象。在大转变时代“日本的环境立国战略与实践”凸现出来的是“循环经济”的回归、“零成本经济”的常态化和人们对“体验”“原记忆”(原乡)的追忆。

The post-war Japanese economy has undergone changes from high growth to stable and finally zero growth.In this process,Japanese companies are seeing a rebirth and great transformation,while Japanese people are also facing a fundamental change in their values.The'tourism industry'is a comprehensive manifestation of society,involving all aspects of production,distribution,services and life,reflecting the overall outlook of society and civilization.Tourism,as usually an exotic experience of natural and local charms,is all the more a demonstration of civilization.These two elements constitute the essential part of Japanese tourism and the foundation of which is the environment-oriented idea resulted from the lifestyle or culture.Such a characteristic of Japan is in fact a phenomenon of a new historical transition and reflects the challenges of a new philosophy and value.In such an era,Japan's strategy and practice of environment-orientation state policy highlights the return of a circular economy,the normalization of zero-cost economy and people's interest in and recalling of primary experience,originality and nostalgia.