人类3D大脑类器官研究进展

Research progresses of 3D brain organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells

人类3D大脑类器官为研究人脑发育和神经系统疾病提供了新的模型。体外培育的人类3D大脑类器官主要是由人多能干细胞(human pluripotent stem cell,hPSC),包括人胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ESC)和诱导多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cell,iPSC)分化而来。iPSC重编程技术与3D大脑类器官技术相结合,可以获得来自患者的iPSC并分化成包括神经元及大脑类器官在内的几乎任何人体细胞或组织,是动物实验向临床试验转化的桥梁。本文回顾了从多能干细胞技术到3D大脑类器官诞生并发展的历程,介绍了以3D大脑类器官为工具构建脑发育和神经系统疾病的研究模型,讨论了大脑类器官在其他方面的应用和相关技术的研究进展,并分析了3D大脑类器官的局限性及其未来可能的发展方向。

The 3D brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells(h PSCs),including embryonic stem cells(ESCs)and induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs),provides a new research model for brain development and neurological diseases. The i PSC reprogramming technology combined with 3D brain organoids technology can help researchers obtain syngeneic stem cells from patients directly and differentiate the i PSCs into almost any cells including neurons. The 3D brain organoids have become a bridge from animal experiments to clinical trials. This article reviews the history from the emergence of pluripotent stem cell technology to the birth and development of 3D brain organoids,and introduces the classic models of brain development and neurological diseases using 3D brain organoids as tools,and briefly mentions other applications of 3D brain organoids and the research progress of the related technologies. The limitations and future directions of 3D brain organoids are also discussed.