油菜联合收获机拨禾轮的入禾轨迹分析与试验

Insertion Trajectory Analysis and Experiment of Rape Combine Harvester Reel

为了减少油菜联合收获机田间作业时的割台损失,对割台拨禾轮的入禾轨迹进行了分析与试验。根据油菜的多分枝"树状"特性,将拨禾轮的入禾过程划分为低效拨禾阶段和高效拨禾阶段,并确定了拨禾轮的入禾点位置及弹齿的入禾方式。弹齿在入禾过程中,采用斜插入禾模式有助于减少割台损失。对拨禾轮转速、拨禾轮水平位置、拨禾轮垂直位置3个影响因素进行单因素和多因素田间试验,对比弹齿竖插入禾和弹齿斜插入禾两种模式的割台损失率情况。结果表明:弹齿斜插入禾模式下的割台损失率更低;各因素对割台损失率的影响的显著水平顺序为拨禾轮转速拨禾轮垂直位置拨禾轮水平位置;弹齿斜插入禾模式下拨禾轮的最优参数组合为拨禾轮转速18r/min、拨禾轮水平位置500mm、拨禾轮垂直位置1200mm。研究结果为减少油菜割台拨禾损失提供了参考。

In order to solve the problem of high loss of rape combine harvester header in the working stage.In this paper analyzed and optimized the insertion trajectory of the reel was analyzed and field experiment was carried out.Based on the‘arborescence’characteristic of multi-branched rape,the insertion process of reel was divided into two stages:inefficient stage and efficient stage.The best position of insertion point and the insertion mode of tinewere analyzed.The research showed that the collision loss can be reduced by the method of inserting rape obliquely by the tines in the insertion stage.The single factor experiments and multi-factor orthogonal experiments were carried out on the three influencing factors of rotational speed,horizontal position and vertical position of the reel.The experimental results showed that the loss rate of the header with oblique insertion of tine is lower than that with vertical insertion of tine.The significant order of influence was reel’s vertical position,reel’s rotation speed and reel’s horizontal positionthrough the analysis of impact effects.the optimal parameter combination was that the rotational speed of reel was 18 r/min,the horizontal position reel was 500 mm,and the vertical position of the reel was 1200 mm.This paper provided theoretical reference for reducing the loss of the rape header.