拖拉机耕作阻力影响参数的因子分析

Factor Analysis of Influencing Factors of Tractor Operating Resistance

拖拉机耕作阻力对耕作质量、耕作效率与耕作能耗都有影响,而拖拉机耕作阻力的影响参数很多,但每个参数的影响大小没有系统地量化。为此,通过实验数据与理论计算分析了耕作比阻、耕作深度、耕作幅宽、土壤容重、土壤含水量、拖拉机耕作速度、拖拉机质量、耕作路面、耕作机具结构等参数对拖拉机耕作阻力的影响,并基于变异系数法计算出一定变动范围下这些影响参数对拖拉机耕作阻力的影响权重值。结果表明:土壤容重、拖拉机速度、土壤比阻与耕作深度等对拖拉机耕作阻力的影响很大,且土壤容重的影响最大,其变异系数达0.7351,权重值为0.2980;拖拉机速度、土壤比阻、耕作深度的影响权重值分别为0.2713、0.2136、0.1344,这4个参数的影响权重值之和达0.9173,而其它参数的影响很小,特别是犁具起土角、拖拉机质量、耕作路面与土壤含水量的影响可以忽略。本研究为拖拉机耕作的自动控制与精准控制提供了依据。

Tractor tillage resistance has a great impact on tillage quality,tillage efficiency and energy consumption,and there are many parameters affecting tractor tillage resistance,but the impact of each parameter has not been quantified systematically.This paper expounds the influence parameters of tractor tillage resistance by experimental data acquisition and theoretical calculation,including tillage specific resistance,tillage depth,tillage width,soil bulk density,soil water content,tractor tillage speed,tractor weigh,tillage surface and tillage equipment structure parameters.Based on the coefficient of variation method,the influence of these parameters on tractor tillage resistance is analyzed.The results show that soil bulk density,tractor speed,soil specific resistance and tillage depth have a great influence on the tractor tillage resistance,while the other parameters have little influence,even can be ignored.Soil bulk density has the biggest value of coefficient of variation of 0.7351 and weight of 0.2980,while the weights of tractor speed,soil specific resistance and tillage depth are 0.2713,0.2136 and 0.1344 respectively,and the sum of the weights of the four parameters above is up to 0.9173.Therefore,the other factors have little impact in tractor tillage resistance,especially the impact of plough angle,tractor weight,tillage surface and soil water content can be neglected.This study provides a basis for automatic and precise control of tractor farming.