固体颗粒肥料物理特性的试验研究

Experimental Study on Physical Characteristics of Granular Fertilizer

针对水稻施肥机械排施不同品种固体颗粒肥料存在肥料堵塞、均匀性差等问题,进行了常用国产尿素(LuoFengShan)、国产复合肥(BaTian)和俄罗斯复合肥(AKANG)3种固体颗粒肥料的物理特性测试与分析。分别测试了3种肥料的单粒密度、粒径和球形率,探究了肥料的含水率对肥料与机体静摩擦因数的影响,以及肥料含水率、粒径对其破碎力的影响等。测试结果表明:3种肥料的球形率均大于90%,可近似看作球形颗粒;3种肥料中俄罗斯复合肥单粒密度最大;3种肥料的破碎力随着粒径的增大呈增大趋势,随着含水率的增加呈减小趋势,且俄罗斯复合肥的破碎力最大,肥料的含水率和粒径对其破碎力有重要影响,含水率影响更大;3种肥料与机体的静摩擦因数随着含水率的增加呈增大趋势,俄罗斯复合肥与机体的静摩擦因数最小。由此可以看出:国产固体颗粒肥料与俄罗斯肥料相比,排施性能较差,需要设计更可靠的施肥装置,才能实现精准的施肥作业。研究结果为我国水田施肥机械的研制提供了参考。

The physical properties of solid granular fertilizers have an important influence on the fertilization performance of paddy fertilizing machinery. When applying different kinds of solid granular fertilizers to rice fertilization machinery, the fertilization performance is obviously different. The physical properties of three kinds of solid granular fertilizers, such as domestic urea, domestic compound fertilizer and Russian compound fertilizer, which are commonly used in rice fertilization, are tested and analyzed. The single-grain density, particle size and sphericity of the three fertilizers were tested. The influence of the moisture content of the fertilizer on the static friction coefficient of the fertilizer and the body, and the influence of the moisture content and particle size of the fertilizer on the crushing force were investigated. The test results show that the globular rates of the three fertilizers are more than 90%, which can be approximated as spherical particles;the Russian single compound has the highest single-grain density;the moisture content and particle size of the fertilizer have an important influence on the crushing force, and the water content is more affected. The crushing force of the three kinds of fertilizers increases with the increase of the particle size, and decreases with the increase of water content. The crushing power of the Russian compound fertilizer is the largest;the static friction coefficient of the three fertilizers and the body The increase of water content shows an increasing trend, and the static friction coefficient between Russian compound fertilizer and the body is the smallest. The research results provide a reference for the development of paddy field fertilization machinery.