小型水稻插秧机设计与试验研究

Design and Experimental Study of Small Rice Transplanting Machine

我国山地和丘陵地区由于受地形限制,大、中型插秧设备无法使用,水稻种植多以人工为主,人工种植的方式效率低、劳动强度大,严重制约了水稻种植机械化的发展。针对这一问题,提出了一种适用于山地或丘陵地区的小型水稻插秧装置。装置以人工操作的轻便省力为目标,主要针对移箱机构及插秧机构进行了详细的优化设计,开发了一种操作省力的小型插秧机,并利用有限元仿真对关键部件进行了分析评估。最后,进行了样机测试,结果表明:叶轮取能式插秧机构设计合理,取能平均负载为7.2N,移箱机构工作可靠,平均移箱力为3.4N,移箱步距稳定,为今后小型水稻插秧机的研究提供了参考。

Large and medium-sized transplanting equipment cannot be used in mountainous and hilly areas of China. Rice cultivation is mostly artificial. The artificial planting method has low efficiency and high labor intensity, which seriously restricts the development of rice planting mechanization. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a small rice transplanting device suitable for mountainous or hilly areas. The device is aimed at the light and labor-saving manual operation, and has been optimized and designed for the shifting mechanism and the transplanting mechanism. The labor-saving small rice transplanter was operated, and the key components were analyzed and evaluated by finite element simulation. Finally, the prototype test was carried out. The test results show that the impeller energy-removing transplanting mechanism is reasonable in design, and the average energy load is 7.2 N. The box mechanism works reliably, the average box moving force is 3.4 N, and the shifting step is stable, which provides a reference for the research of small rice transplanter.