印度糖料国内支持被诉案:因由、争议点及对中国的启示

WTO Dispute over India’s Domestic Support for Sugar & Sugarcane:Background,Issues and Implications for China

2019年2月以来,巴西、澳大利亚、危地马拉三国分别就印度对甘蔗和食糖的国内支持超出入世承诺向WTO争端解决机构发起了诉讼。目前这三起案件正在等待WTO争端解决机构的裁决。三起案件争议的焦点在于对《农业协定》国内支持规则,尤其是市场价格支持(MPS)计算方法中关键变量的选取口径与取值范围存在不同的主张。文章在回顾这些案件的背景与进展的基础上,对相关争议点进行系统梳理,并结合有关数据就相关争议点对于案件裁决结果的影响进行量化比较与辨析。基于研究结论,进一步探讨了这些案件对于中国农业国内支持政策改革完善及参与国际规则谈判的相关启示和建议。

Since February 2019,Brazil,Australia and Guatemala have initiated three disputes(DS579,580 and 581)to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body about India’s excessive domestic support for sugar and sugarcane.These three dispute cases are currently under review by an organized WTO panel.The main causes of these cases are that the constituent data and methodologies used to calculate domestic support,especially market price support(MPS)are vague under the domestic support rules in the WTO Agreement of Agriculture.In this paper,we intend to introduce the background and progress of three cases,systematically comb the relevant dispute points,and quantify the impact of such dispute points on the final decisions of the three disputes by using the data available.Further policy implications for China have also been discussed.