论村级形式主义的体制性成因——基于乡村关系的视角

On the Institutional Causes of Village-level Formalism:Based on the Perspective of Rural Relations

村级形式主义与乡村治理体制变化有关。在乡村治理现代化过程中,随着行政对自治的消解,乡村关系从过去的二元结构走向了乡村一体化,行政体制产生的形式主义向下传导,在非科层官僚的村级领域发生形式主义问题。破解村级形式主义,需重建"乡政"与"村治"边界,回归村民自治的主体性与实体性。在操作层面,要调整乡村关系、构建行政力量下乡通道,避免村级组织被行政化,立足村庄特性,采取分类治理原则,建立与村庄治理目标匹配的村级组织。从体制层面寻求村级形式主义解决办法,在化解村级形式主义问题的同时,还会倒逼县乡两级减少形式化工作,有助于整个基层治理状况的改善。

Village-level formalism is related to changes in the rural governance system.In the process of modernization of rural governance,rural relations have changed from the dual structure of the past to rural integration with the dissolution of autonomy by administration,and the formalism generated in the administrative system is transmitted downwards and takes place in the non-bureaucratic village-level field.To crack the village-level formalism,it is necessary to rebuild the boundary between“township government”and“village governance”,and return to the subjectivity and substantive nature of villagers’autonomy.At the operational level,it is necessary to adjust the relationship between township and village and build a channel for administrative power to go to the countryside as well as to avoid administerization of village-level organizations.Based on the characteristics of the village,the principle of classified governance shall be adopted to establish village-level organizations that match the governance objectives of the village.Seeking a village-level formalist solution from the system level will not only resolve the problem of village-level formalism,but also force the county and township levels to reduce formalization work,which will help improve the overall governance situation at the grassroots level.