从脆弱到韧性:互联网公益协作参与教育反贫困的治理优化

From Fragility to Resilience: the Collaboration of Internet-Based Voluntary Actions Participating in the Governance Optimization of Educational Anti-Poverty

互联网的发展赋予更多社会力量以公益协作的形式参与教育反贫困事业,为治理创新提供了理论供给和学术参考。根据教育资源的供给机制,项目式、联盟式、平台式和社群式是目前相对主流的四种互联网公益协作形态。然而,以扩张为目的的"侵入式"扶助造成教育活动的"技术至上"、协作机制的官方依赖造成多元主体合作中的"动力失灵"、公益课程监管缺位造成教学资源准入中的"同质低效"也会加剧治理的脆弱性和风险性,形成治理风险。互联网公益协作的韧性治理需要公益协作从低效投入的教育资源内卷转向理性供给,地方政府用委托—代理制提高参与主体的教育反贫困协作韧性,互联网公益嵌入转为在地化的学校组织和制度安排,走向韧性结构。

The development of the Internet has empowered more social forces to participate in the cause of the educational anti-poverty in the form of cooperation of voluntary actions,which provides theoretical supply and academic reference for governance innovation.According to the supply mechanism of educational resources,the types of the Project,the Alliance,the Platform,and the Community are the four relatively mainstream forms of the cooperation of the Internet-based voluntary actions at present.However,the"intrusive"assistance for the purpose of expansion leads to the"technology first"in educational activities;the official dependence of coordination mechanism leads to"power failure"in multi-subject cooperation;and the absence of supervision of voluntary courses leads to"homogeneity and inefficiency"in the access of teaching resources,which will aggravate the vulnerability and risk and will form governnance risks.The resilient governance of the cooperation of the Internet-based voluntary actions requires the cooperation to shift from inefficient input of educational resources to rational supply,and local governments use principal-agent system to improve the educational anti-poverty cooperation resilience of participants.And Internet-based voluntary actions are embedded into localized school organizations and institutional arrangements,which will lead to a resilient structure.