生态革命:可供性与“数字新闻”的再定义

The Ecological Revolution: Affordances and the Redefinition of Digital Journalism

结合新的技术和历史条件,准确把握"数字新闻"的内涵与外延,是我们在数字信息环境下发展新闻学理论、探索新闻学研究新范式的基础。对"可供性"这一概念的源流及其被引入新闻学研究的过程做出细致考察,为我们进行上述工作提供了启发。经分析可知,技术可供性作为"元概念"在数字新闻学理论体系中扮演着基础性的角色,生发出数字新闻生态和数字新闻行动者两个基础研究范畴。据此,数字新闻可以被定义为"由数字媒体的技术可供性培育的,兼有网络化、行动性和情感化特征的一种新型公共信息关系"。"数字"的文化生态指向和"新闻"的共同价值指向构成了数字新闻的完整概念体系;而数字新闻学的发展方向则是一种立足于实践的、总体性的"技术—文化共生论"。

This article combs through the origin and the diffusion route of the concept of affordances,especially that of technological affordances,endeavoring to name the basic categories of digital journalism studies and redefines"digital news/journalism"within such perspectives.The article points out that"technological affordances"assumes a fundamental role as the"meta-concept"in the theoretical frameworks of digital journalism studies,and generates the digital news eco-system and the digital news actors as two basic domains of digital journalism research,thus redefines digital news/journalism as a new form of public information relations that is cultivated by the technological affordances of digital media and characterized by its networked,motivating and affective natures.This article therefore proposes to understand digital journalism studies as a practice-driven,holistic,"techno-cultural co-dependence"epistemology that takes the digitized cultural ecology and the shared public value goals as the inseparable two sides of a coin.