侨乡建筑文化遗产流散产权三维关系的形成与特征——以开平碉楼为例

The Formation and Features of Property Rights’ Three-Dimensional Relationship of Built Heritages in the Hometown of Overseas Chinese: Case Study of Kaiping Diaolou

侨乡建筑文化遗产产权的流散是其区别于其他类型遗产的核心特征,对遗产的旅游活化利用产生了深远影响。本文以典型的侨乡建筑文化遗产开平碉楼为例,通过访谈、参与式观察等方法梳理了流散产权的形成与演变,剖析了流散产权的具体特征。研究表明:(1)流散产权源于产权的家族传承制,因产权人的空间流散而直接导致,后依托世界遗产申报建立了特有的产权托管制更加强化与巩固了这一产权流散特征;(2)流散产权形成了空间—时间—情感的三维产权关系特征;(3)地方管理者可通过建立侨乡建筑文化遗产产权人网络、组织寻根之旅等方式强化产权人后代与遗产的关联性,从根源上缓和流散产权的影响。

The diasporic property rights are the core features distinguishing built heritages in hometown of overseas Chinese from other cultural heritages during tourism utilization.The paper takes Kaiping Diaolou,typical architecture cultural heritages in the hometown of overseas Chinese as study cases.Interviews,participatory observations and second-hand data are used to figure out the generation and evolution process of diasporic property rights of Kaiping Diaolou,and identify the features of them.The findings are:(1)Diasporic property rights originated from family inheritance system,and directly caused by the diasporic Diaolou’s owners.And a unique property rights trusteeship was established to manage Diaolou for the declaration of the World Heritage declaration later;(2)Diasporic property rights form a time-space-emotion relationship;(3)In order to alleviate the impacts of diasporic property rights,local managers can construct the network of property owners and organize the root-seeking tourism to help strengthen the connections between Diaolou’s owners and Diaolou.