知觉心理学介入下的图像再现转向——“图像观看经验”的另一视野

On the Turning of Pictorial Representation Studies from the Perspective of Perceptual Psychology: Another Way to Think of Image Seeing Experience

从知觉心理学来考察图像再现研究的当代发展是一种值得关注的跨学科视角。该视角揭示了图像再现研究中出现的两大关键问题,并因此可称为"视觉再现"转向:一是意识到在视觉世界之中观看图画的"图像观看经验"本身。二是关注该视知觉经验的性质与知觉方式。知觉心理学解释视知觉的两个范式:即19世纪赫姆霍茨所开创的间接知觉论与20世纪吉布森提出的直接知觉论,揭示了图像观看的两种方式。前者即主导了近代至今的图像型观看方式;后者则引发了人们对于在视觉世界之中观看图画的这种视觉经验的重视。这两种解释模式其实代表了当下视觉研究中的两大理解框架,而这也是分析美学重审图像再现的问题语境。同时在此视域下,所谓"相似性"以及图像再现与图像描绘之差异的问题也会得到关注。

It is an interdisciplinary perspective to investigate the ongoing development of pictorial representation researches from perceptual psychology.This perspective reveals two key problems in the studies of pictorial representation.One is to realize the"image seeing experience"itself of viewing pictures in a visual world.The second is to pay attention to its nature and the ways of perception.Perceptual psychology affords two paradigms of visual perception:the indirect perception theory pioneered by Hermann von Helmholtz in the 19 th century,and the direct perception theory proposed by James J.Gibson in the 20 th century.It is these two theories that reveal the two ways of seeing.The former dominates the visual studies until the early 20 th century,while the latter arouses people’s attention to the perceptual experience of seeing pictures in the visual world.These two modes of interpretation actually represent the two understanding frameworks in the current visual studies,which are also the context of re-examining pictorial representation.At the same time,the so-called"similarity"and the difference between"Pictorial Representation"and"Depiction"will also be got attention.