论人工智能在认知科学研究范式转型中的作用

On the Role of AI in the Paradigm Shift within the Cognitive Science

传统人工智能是经典认知科学研究范式的重要组成部分。传统人工智能的经典符号计算—表征的认知主义研究范式和联结主义研究范式在经典认知科学中发挥了重要作用,但都存在着各自的局限性。从认知科学的发展历程来看,在从经典认知科学研究范式向具身—嵌入式认知科学研究范式转型中,具身—嵌入式人工智能在哲学基础和设计原则上对具身—嵌入式认知科学研究范式的形成起到了重要影响,但也存在着局限性。当前,人工智能发展到了生成人工智能阶段。生成人工智能在设计原则上对生成认知科学产生了影响,但是,它对生成认知科学产生的影响似乎没有对具身—嵌入式认知科学的影响大,存在着"力不从心"的现状。相反,生成人工智能的发展倒得益于生成认知科学的启发、补充和完善。因此,生成认知科学能否成功地确立其作为主流认知科学研究的地位,更多地取决于理论生物学和现象学语用学或实验现象学的发展,而不是人工智能的进展。在未来的研究中,生成人工智能和生成认知科学之间应建立一种互惠增益、互相促进、互相发展的关系。

Traditional artificial intelligence is an important part of the research paradigm of classical cognitive science.The paradigms of symbolic computation-representation and connectionism of traditional artificial intelligence have played an important role in the classical cognitive science,but both have their own limitations.From the perspective of the development of cognitive science,in the transition from the research paradigm of classical cognitive science to the research paradigm of embodied-embedded cognitive science,embodied-embedded artificial intelligence plays an important role in the formation of the research paradigm of embodied-embedded cognitive science on the basis of philosophy and design principles,but there are also limitations.At present,artificial intelligence has developed into Enactive artificial intelligence.It has an impact on Enactive cognitive science in design principle,but its impact on Enactive cognitive science seems to be less than that on embodied-embedded cognitive science,and there is a"powerless"situation.On the contrary,the development of Enactive artificial intelligence benefits from the inspiration,supplement and perfection of Enactive cognitive science.Therefore,whether Enactive cognitive science can successfully establish its research status as a mainstream cognitive science depends more on the development of theoretical biology and phenomenological pragmatics or experimental phenomenology than on the progress of artificial intelligence.In future research,a reciprocal gain,mutual promotion and development relationship should be established between Enactive artificial intelligence and Enactive cognitive science.