中国古代艺术体制的主要特征

The Main Characteristics of the Ancient Chinese Art System

艺术体制是艺术生产的社会条件,本文探讨了中国传统时代艺术体制的三大特征:一是古代艺术家是传统工匠与士大夫两种身份的有机结合;二是科举制度塑造了士大夫群体,书画艺术作为精神世界的寄托,构成士大夫特有的生活方式,诗书画印的结合形式直接与士大夫的生活形态相关;三是艺术家的声望序列与官员等级序列本是各自评价的,但艺术家声望经常借重官员的地位与影响。艺术体制的研究表明了传统艺术的创作与当时的社会体制特别是权力体制密切相关。

Art system creates the social conditions for art production.This paper analyzes three main features of Chinese traditional art system.Firstly,craftsmen and scholar-officials together shape the identical characteristics of artists in ancient China.Secondly,the imperial civil examination system scouts for the talents,who later become scholar-officials.Arts of calligraphy and painting then are treated as the spiritual sustenance of scholar-officials,and gradually this particular lifestyle takes shape,thus the combination of poetry,painting,calligraphy and seal has a direct relationship with the lifestyle of scholar-officials.Thirdly,although it should be separately evaluated on the fame of artists and the rank of the officials,the latter often has an influence on the former.The analysis on art system fully reveals that Chinese traditional art creation relates closely with the social system,especially the power system of that time.