个人信仰抑或社会公约?——卢梭有关宗教问题的政治哲学分析及其批判

Private Belief or Social Convention?:A Brief Analysis of Rousseau’s Religious Thought

在《爱弥儿》和《社会契约论》中,卢梭在不同的视角上阐述了自己对宗教的理解。前者强调的是个人信仰的理性宗教,后者关注的是从社会的生发角度对宗教与政治间关系的探讨。仔细考察两种观点,二者并非如有学者分析的那样存在矛盾对立,而是共同统一于卢梭的社会政治哲学建构之中。卢梭有关宗教的论述折射出其政治哲学的诉求,其意义和不足可在现代社会思想史研究中得到进一步的阐明。

Both in Emile and The Social Contract,Rousseau explained his understanding of religion from different perspectives.The former emphasizes the rational religion of individual beliefs,while the latter focuses on the discussion of the relationship between religion and politics from the perspective of social development.Carefully examine the two viewpoints,the two are not contradictory as analyzed by scholars,but are jointly unified in Rousseau’s social-political philosophy.Rousseau’s discussion of religion reflects the appeal of his political philosophy,and its significance and deficiencies can be further clarified in the study of modern history of ideas.