低轨大规模星座概念研究与分阶段部署方案

Conceptual Study on Low-Orbit Large-Scale Constellation and Its Phased Deployment Scheme

针对小卫星星座规模趋向巨型化的发展应用需求,开展基于遥感卫星的低轨大规模星座概念研究并提出相应的星座分阶段部署方案。首先,考虑低轨卫星轨道理想容纳卫星数量、星间相互作用、轨道控制精度等因素,进行低轨大规模星座量级分析,明确星座规模。在此基础上,采用人工势函数方法将卫星个体控制拓展至星座整体密度迁移,实现满足任务需求的星座特定密度分布。结合大规模遥感卫星星座任务特点和建设能力,提出基于太阳同步轨道、低倾角轨道和大椭圆轨道的混合星座配置方案,并按照近期、中期和远期分阶段进行部署。对星座部署方案进行仿真,验证了低轨大规模星座的优势,为未来巨型星座设计与控制提供一定的参考与借鉴。

As small satellite constellations are becoming gigantic,the conceptual study on the low-orbit large-scale constellation based on remote sensing satellites and its phased deployment scheme are presented.First,factors such as the ideal number of accommodating satellites,interactions,and the orbital control accuracy in low orbit,the magnitude analysis of low-orbit large-scale constellation are incorperated to clarify the constellation scale.Second,the artificial potential function method is used to extend the satellite individual control to the overall density migration of the constellations,thus a specific density distribution is achieved to meet the mission requirements.Third,combined with the characteristics and construction capabilities of constellation of remote sensing satellites,a hybrid constellation configuration based on Sun-synchronous orbits,low inclination orbits and highly elliptical orbits is proposed.According to the short,medium and long-term requirements,the constellation is deployed in phases.Simulations verify the advantages of the low-orbit large-scale constellations.This study provides certain references for the design and control of mega-constellations in the future.