高熵硼化物陶瓷研究现状及其在极端环境中的应用前景

Research Status of High-Entropy Boride Ceramics and Its Application Prospect in Extreme Environments

随着国内外对地外空间的竞争日益激烈,弹道式导弹鼻锥及载人飞行器返回舱再入大气层、临界空间高超声速飞行器对高性能高温热防护材料需求变得更加迫切。同时由于传统的超高温陶瓷(Ultra-high temperature ceramics,UHTC)的高温物理性能与高温力学性能无法得到良好的兼顾,迫切需要研制能满足结构功能一体化需求的新型UHTC材料匹配日益严苛的极端环境需求。高熵陶瓷作为继高熵合金在金属领域被广泛研究以来高熵材料在陶瓷领域的研究新方向,近五年来得到了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文针对国内外高熵硼化物陶瓷的材料体系、制备方法、物理及力学性能等研究现状进行了梳理归纳,同时针对极端环境下高熵硼化物陶瓷的服役行为及研究方向进行研判。

With the increasingly fierce competition for space dominion world wide,the demand for highperformance,high-temperature-thermal-protection materials becomes more urgent.They can be specifically used for the critical space hypersonic vehicles,ballistic missile nose-cones and reentry capsules of manned spacecraft.Plus,the high-temperature physical and mechanical properties of traditional ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTC)cannot be well balanced,it is urgent to develop new UHTC materials that can meet the needs of structural and functional integration for the increasingly stringent extreme environment.High-entropy ceramics,as a new research direction of high-entropy materials in ceramic field since high-entropy alloy has been widely studied in metal field,has attracted extensive attention in the past five years.This paper summarizes the research status of the high-entropy boride ceramic material systems including their preparation methods,normal-temperature and high-temperature physical properties,mechanical behaviors,high-temperature stability,and anti-oxidation behaviors.The service behaviors and research direction of highentropy boride ceramics in extreme environments are studied and evaluated,which will enrich the system of extreme environmental materials.