人熊赛跑:中国高铁站点争夺的区域竞争新解释

The Man-Bear Race: A New Explanation of Regional Competition for High-speed Rail Stations Battle in China

作为构建综合交通运输体系和现代化经济体系的基石,中国高速铁路极大地改变了国民生产生活方式、影响了资源空间配置效率并重塑了经济地理。中国高速铁路的飞速发展,一方面导致生产要素和资源的空间集聚和中小城市的外围化,另一方面却出现了愈演愈烈的中小城市高铁站点争夺运动。中小城市通过高铁站点争夺以"竞劣"?为了回答这一"悖论",文章基于夜间灯光数据和密度梯度指标,对以省会城市或中心城市为核心的空间集聚程度进行了重新测度;在此基础上,提出了开通高铁的中心城市和争夺高铁的中小城市之间的"人熊赛跑"理论假说,并利用数据对这一假说进行了验证。文章研究发现:(1)高铁的开通,导致经济活动向省会城市或中心城市的集聚,而中小城市被边缘化,即"人跑不过熊";(2)开通高铁的中小城市相对于未开通高铁的中小城市而言,其能获得相对较快的经济增长,即"跑过了同伙";(3)"人熊赛跑"的理论逻辑,很好地解释了中小城市通过高铁站点争夺以"竞劣"这一"悖论",即"跑不过熊,但要跑过同伴"。文章的研究,为中国高铁站点争夺的空间政治经济学问题,提供了一个合理的理论解释。

As the cornerstone of building a comprehensive transportation system and a modern economic system,CHSR(China High-speed Railway)has greatly changed the way of national production and life,affecting the efficiency of spatial allocation of resources and reshaping the economic geography.The rapid development of CHSR,on the one hand,leads to the spatial concentration of production factors and resources and the peripheral development of small and medium-sized cities;On the other hand,brings about the increasingly fierce competition among small and medium-sized cities for high-speed railway stations.Are small and medium-sized cities battle for high-speed rail stations to"compete for inferior"?In order to answer this"paradox",based on DM SP/OLS Nighttime light Data and density gradient index,this paper re-measures the spatial agglomeration degree with defining the capital city or the central city as the core.On this basis,a theoretical hypothesis of"man-bear race"between the central cities that open high-speed railway and the small and medium-sized cities that compete for high-speed railway is put forward,and the hypothesis is verified by data.The research findings of this paper are as follows.(1)The opening of high-speed railway leads to the agglomeration of economic activities to provincial capitals or central cities,while small and medium-sized cities are becoming the peripheries,that is,"people cannot run faster than bears";(2)Compared with the small and medium-sized cities without high-speed rail,the small and medium-sized cities with high-speed rail can achieve relatively fast economic growth,that is,"running ahead of their competitors";(3)The theoretical logic of"man-bear race"well explains the"paradox"that small and medium-sized cities compete for"inferior position"through high-speed railway stations,that is,"they can’t run faster than bears,but they have to run faster than their partners".The research of this paper will provide a reasonable theoretical explanation for the spatial political economy problem of high-speed railway stations in China.