差异性产业政策激励了企业创新吗?——来自中国省级政府工作报告的经验证据

Does Differential Industrial Policy Encourage Innovation?——Empirical Evidence from China’s Provincial-level Government Work Reports

立足于新型举国体制下国家产业政策支持企业创新的背景,用Python通过关键词搜索的方法提取2011~2020年中国31个省、自治区和直辖市共310份政府工作报告中的产业政策,用双向固定效应法研究差异性政策,即供给、需求、制度导向型的三类产业政策对企业创新的影响。研究结果为:(1)产业政策对企业创新的影响存在明显差异,供给导向型产业政策促进了企业创新,需求、制度导向型产业政策抑制了企业创新。(2)基于不同所有制企业的分析表明,供给导向型产业政策对民营企业创新具有显著激励作用,而制度导向型产业政策抑制民营企业创新;基于不同生命周期企业的分析表明,供给导向型产业政策促进了成熟期企业的创新。(3)机制检验表明,供给导向型产业政策能通过降低要素市场扭曲程度从而促进企业创新,且受市场集中度的调节;制度导向型产业政策则会提高要素市场扭曲程度抑制企业创新。以上不仅为中国的产业政策逐步完成从供给导向型向制度导向型转型提供经验和证据,同时有利于政府在制定、执行产业政策和建设创新制度环境时充分发挥市场竞争机制,并使得转型后的产业政策更好地服务于企业创新和经济发展。

Based on the background of national industrial policies supporting enterprise innovation under the new nationwide system,this paper uses Python to extract industrial policies from 310 goverment work reports of 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions from 2011 to 2020 through keyword search.The two-way fixed effect method is used to study the influence of different policies,namely supply,demand and institution oriented industrial policies,on firm innovation.The results show that①there are obvious differences in the impact of industrial policies on firm innovation.Supply-oriented industrial policies promote firm innovation,while demand-oriented and institution-oriented industrial policies inhibit firm innovation.②Based on the analysis of different ownership of enterprises,supply-oriented industrial policies have a significant incentive effect on private enterprise innovation,while institution-oriented industrial policies inhibit private enterprise innovation;Based on the analysis of different life cycles of enterprises,the supply-oriented industrial policy promotes the innovation of mature enterprises.③The mechanism test shows that supply-oriented industrial policy can promote enterprise innovation by reducing factor market distortin and is regulated by market concentration.Institution-oriented industrial policy will increase factor market distortion and inhibit enterprise innovation.The above not only provides experience and evidence for China’s industrial policies to gradually complete the transformation from supply-oriented to institution-oriented,but also helps the government to give full play to the market competition mechanism when formulating and implementing industrial policies and building innovation institutional environment,and makes the industrial policies after transformation better serve enterprise innovation and economic development.