市场型环境规制与绿色技术创新效率——基于285个地级市面板数据的实证研究

An Empirical Study Based on Panel Data from 285 Prefectural Cities on Market——Based Environmental Regulation and Green Technology Innovation Efficiency

合理的环境规制提高绿色技术创新效率,是未来中国经济绿色转型与高质量发展的重要保障。本文通过将市场型环境规制划分为排污收费和环境投资两种类型,深入探究不同类型市场型环境规制对绿色技术创新效率的影响,并用2006~2017年285个地级及以上城市样本数据,利用Tobit面板数据估计模型进行实证检验。研究发现,排污收费会增加企业的生产成本,通过“挤出效应”对绿色技术创新效率产生显著的负向影响;环境投资可为企业提供污染治理的财政支持,通过“激励效应”对绿色技术创新效率产生正向影响。机制检验结果表明,市场型环境规制能够通过提高市场化水平、完善政府与市场关系、提升要素市场发育度和研发强度等提高绿色技术创新效率。异质性分析表明,排污收费和环境投资在提高老工业基地绿色技术创新效率的效果方面更加明显;排污收费对成熟型资源型城市绿色技术创新效率产生显著负向影响,对再生型资源型城市绿色技术创新效率产生显著正向影响,而对衰退型资源型城市和成长型资源型城市影响不显著;环境投资对再生型资源型城市绿色技术创新效率的正向影响大于成熟型资源型城市,对衰退型资源型城市和成长型资源型城市影响不显著。因此,政府需考虑不同类型环境规制的效果差异,因地制宜地制定和实施环境规制政策。

The reasonable environmental regulation improving green technology innovation efficiency is the significant guarantee for Chinese economic green transformation and High-quality development in the future.The impact of several types of market-based environmental restrictions on the efficiency of green technology innovation is investigated in this research,which is divided into sewage charges and environmental investment.It also employs Spatial Durbin modelpanel data and Tobit panel data estimate model to empirically examine the impact of various market-based environmental rules on the efficiency of green technology innovation using a sample of 285 prefecture-level cities and above from 2006 to 2017.The results show that sewage charges raise enterprises’production costs and have a significant negative impact on the efficiency of green technology innovation through the“crowding out effect”;environmental investment provides enterprises with financial support for pollution control and has a positive impact on the efficiency of green technology innovation through the“incentive effect.”The results of the impact mechanism test indicate that market-based environmental regulations can improve the efficiency of green technology innovation by increasing the level of marketization,improving the relationship between government and market,and enhancing the development of factor markets and R&D intensity.According to the heterogeneity study,the influence of sewage charges and environmental investment on boosting the efficiency of green technology innovation in old industrial bases is more apparent than in non-old industrial bases.Sewage charges have a considerable negative impact on the efficiency of green technology innovation in mature resource-based cities and a favorable impact on the efficiency of green technology innovation in regenerative resource-based cities.Furthermore,environmental investment in green technology innovation efficiency in regenerative resource-based cities is more significant than in mature cities.There is no discernible difference between declining resource-based cities and regenerative resource-based cities.Environmental investment has a more positive influence on green technology innovation efficiency in regenerative resource-based cities than in resource-based mature towns.The impact on resource-based cities,both falling and growing,is insufficient.As a result,the government should consider the effects of various environmental laws and create and implement appropriate ecological regulatory policies for local situations.