技术创新对劳动就业的影响——基于文献综述的视角

Literature Review of the Impact of Technological Innovation on Employment

技术创新对就业的影响一直是学术界关注的焦点,始于李嘉图、成于熊彼特、发展于阿吉翁,并就此展开了一系列研究取得丰硕成果。本文系统回顾和梳理了有关技术创新对劳动就业影响的国内外代表性文献,重点从技术创新对就业创造与补偿机制、就业破坏与替代机制、就业结构效应,从微观到宏观的就业动态测算和影响因素,从不同技术创新方式对就业增长影响,从技术创新对就业结构中"技能升级""极化"影响等方面展开讨论。在此基础上,针对现有文献研究观点、贡献与不足进行归纳和简要评述,并进一步对技术创新对劳动就业的影响的研究方向进行了展望。

The impact of technological innovation on employment has always been the focus of academic research.It started in Ricardo,formed in Schumpeter,and developed in Aghion and then carried out a series of research and achieved fruitful results.This article systematically reviews and sorts out the classic literature on the impact of technological innovation on labor employment.We discuss from the following aspects.The first is the effect of technological innovation on the employment creation and compensation mechanism,the employment destruction and substitution mechanism,and the employment structure;the second is the calculation and influencing factors of employment dynamics from micro to macro;the third is the impact of different technological innovation models on employment growth;the fourth is from technological innovation mpact on“skill upgrading”and“polarization”in the employment structure.On this basis,this article summarizes and briefly reviews the current literature,including conclusions,contributions and deficiencies,and further prospects the research direction of technological innovation affecting employment.