彝语北部方言意愿情态助词mo^(33)的将然义——兼论时体、情态、语气、示证的交互作用

Future Meaning of the Volitive Particle mo^(33) in the Northern Dialect of Yi:With a Discussion on the Interaction of TAM

彝语北部方言诺苏话的意愿情态助词mo^(33)兼表将然义,其具体编码方式因句中主语的人称和生命度而异,第一人称陈述句和第二人称疑问句的将然义可以由mo^(33)单独编码;第三人称则由意愿情态助词mo^(33)与引述标记di44复合来编码。诺苏话中还有一个决意(意向)情态兼表将来时标记mi^(44),mo^(33)和mi^(44)之间及其各自的扩展义有异有同。本文在类型学视野下,对彝语诺苏话的意愿情态助词mo^(33)如何编码将然事件进行共时和历时描写,并通过与其决意情态mi^(44)及其复合时体标记与东部方言纳苏话的情态和将来时体的比较揭示彝语的情态范畴如何兼表或进一步发展为将然义标记。同时参考古汉语、汉语方言的情态和时体关系,探讨分析型语言的时体、情态、语气和示证的范畴化过程及其交互关系。

The future events are mainly encoded with the intention(decision)marker mi^(44)and the volitive particle mo^(33)in the Northern Dialect of Yi,namely Nuosu Yi.The encoding strategies vary in terms of person and animacy of the subject.The future events with first-person subjects in the main clauses of declarative sentences and those with second-person subjects in interrogative sentences are encoded with the intention(decision)marker mi^(44),in which mi^(44)indicates future tense.In the meanwhile,the volitive particle mo^(33)also encodes future events in the same syntactic environment,i.e.declarative sentences with first-person subjects and interrogative sentences with second-person subjects.As for the main clauses of declarative sentences with third-person subjects,both mi^(44)and mo^(33)have to compound with other grammatical elements to encode the future events,namely the compound forms of mi^(44)with the progressive marker kɯ31 or the perfect/durative aspect marker ta33 and the compound form of mo^(33)with the quotative marker di44.The prototypical function of both mo^(33)and mi^(44)is modality marking,and the two markers develop to encode future events;however,there are differences in their semantic and syntactic features as well as their extended functions.This paper aims mainly to describe the synchronic and diachronic grammatical features of the volitive particle mo^(33)and its compound form mo^(33)di44 in the Northern Dialect of Yi(Nuosu Yi).In order to further reveal how the modal category encodes future events,the study also conducts a comparison of the future marker mo^(33)and mi^(44)as well as their related compound TAM markers within Nuosu Yi,and a comparison of the TAM encodings for future events in Nuosu Yi with their counterparts in the Nasu variety of the Eastern Dialect of Yi as well.In the meanwhile,the paper also takes the interaction of TAM in ancient Chinese and Chinese dialects for comparison,and attempts to demonstrate the categorization processes of tense,aspect,modality,mood,and evidentiality and their interactions in analytic languages through the empirical study of the Yi language.The findings would shed light on the theoretical studies of TAM typology.