清代“滇夷图”溯源——国家博物馆、哈佛燕京图书馆、傅斯年图书馆所藏“夷人图”关系考释

The Origin of"Dian Yi Tu"滇夷图:A Study on the relationships of the Illustrated Books on the Yi夷Peoples Collected by National Museum of China,Harvard-Yenching Library,and Fu Sinian Library

古代图像史料的挖掘和整理是历史学、民族学新兴的学术研究领域。美国哈佛燕京图书馆藏《滇苗图说》、台北傅斯年图书馆所藏《滇夷图说》是国内外影响较大的民族图册,近年不断被研究者关注和引用,这两种图册与中国国家博物馆藏《滇中百蛮图》有密切关系。本文考释了三种“夷人图”的绘制年代,绘制背景,发现它们均源自清初编绘的《百蛮图稿》,该图稿是清代最早的“夷人图”,对认识云南众多“夷人图”的源流具有重要意义;本文还订正了《滇苗图说》《滇中百蛮图》图册装裱过程中图说错贴问题,为西南边疆民族历史文化研究提供了较为准确的古代民族图像信息。

The excavation and arrangement of ancient image historical data is a new research field of history and ethnology.Dianmiao Tu Shuo滇苗图说collected by Harvard-Yenching Library and Dianyi Tu Shuo滇夷图说collected by Taipei Fu Sinian Library are both illustrated books with great influence,which have been continuously concerned and cited by researchers in recent years.These two illustrated books are closely related to Dianzhong Baiman Tu滇中百蛮图collected by the National Museum of China.This paper studies the drawing time and background of the three illustrated books on ethnic minorities,and finds out that they all originated fromBaiman Tugao百蛮图稿compiled in the early Qing Dynasty.It is the earliest illustrated books on ethnic minorities in the Qing Dynasty and has great significance for understanding the origin of many illustrated books on ethnic minorities in Yunnan.This paper also revised the wrong pasting problem of the pictures in the process of mounting Dianmiao Tu Shuoand Dianzhong Baiman Tu,which can provide the precise data of ancient ethnic images with collation and hence promote the study on ethnic history and culture in the southwest frontier.