中国共产党成立初期“中华民族”话语体系的构建

The Construction of Discourse System of the Chinese Nation in the Early Days of the Establishment of Chinese Communist Party

运用关键词研究方法分析建党初期中国共产党的文本,发现所使用的"中华民族"话语包含"国家""国民"和"民族"三重语义。建党初期,中国共产党主要在"国家"语义上使用"中华民族"话语,集中在反对帝国主义这个外部他者的语境中使用,以"中华民族独立""中华民族解放"为核心话语,侧重国家主权独立和领土完整的面向,表达实现国家独立的目标。"国民"语义的中华民族话语凸显的是反对帝国主义对国民的人格侮辱和歧视,话语构建的核心目的是唤醒国民的爱国意识。"民族"语义上使用"中华民族"的次数不多,主要在国内民族关系的语境下使用,使用者主要是恽代英和李大钊,侧重阐述中华民族与少数民族的关系。中国共产党在不同语境和语义下形成的中华民族话语,构成了具有特定内涵和结构的中华民族话语体系。

This paper analyzes the keywords of the texts in the early days of the establishment of Chinese Communist Party(CCP),and discovers that the word zhonghua minzu中华民族(the Chinese nation)contained three aspects of semantic meaning:the aspects of the national state;the country’s people;and the nation.The main aspect,the meaning of state,was used in the contexts of the anti-imperialist,in which the core discourse was Chinese independence and liberation for the expression of sovereign and national territory.The meaning of the country’s people was used majorly in the contexts of antiimperialist for the degradation and discrimination to Chinese people,in which the core task of the discourse construction was to arouse patriotic sentiment of the people.The meaning of nation was used mainly in the context of the ethnic relationship in the country by Yun Daiying恽代英and Li Dazhao李大钊for the explanation of the relationship between the Chinese nation and ethnic minorities.The CPC’s discourse of the Chinese nation in the different contexts constructed a system with special implication and structure.