政统·政见·政论:司马迁大一统观的理论建构与历史思辨

POLITICAL STATISTICS·POLITICAL OPINION·POLITICAL THEORY:THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTION AND HISTORICAL SPECULATION OF SIMA QIAN'S IDEA OF GREAT NATIONAL UNITY

司马迁是中国大一统观的重要开创者,其鸿篇巨著《史记》不仅秉持着肯定大一统国家形态的历史叙事,同时基于“成一家之言”的学术动机与政治关怀,对大一统政治展开了详尽的理论建构与历史思辨。司马迁大一统观在“究天人之际”与“通古今之变”的学理基础上,对大一统政体、政权、王权予以政统合法性建构,为促进大一统稳定提出了民族一统、思想融合、礼法并行等具体政见,以“述往事、思来者”的理性思辨为保障大一统长治久安提供了可执古御今的历史性政论智慧。司马迁大一统观是其思想阐释与历史实录的统一体,对今时中国政治及学术发展具有重要的学理价值与可借鉴意义。

Sima Qian was an important pioneer of China's idea of great national unity.His masterpiece named Records of the Grand Historian not only upholds the historical narrative of affirming great national unity,but also based on the academic motivation and political concern of“creating a philosophy of one's own”,carries out a detailed theoretical construction and historical speculation on the politics of great national unity.Based on the theoretical foundation of“studying the relationship between Nature and Human”and“understanding the changes of the past and the present,”Sima Qian's idea of great national unity has constructed the legitimacy of the unified political system,political power,and royal power,and proposed specific political views such as national unity,ideological integration,and parallel etiquette and law to promote the national unity.The rational thinking of“narrating past events and thinking about the future”has provided historical political wisdom that can be applied to ensure the long-term stability and national unity.Sima Qian's idea of great national unity is the combination of his ideological exposition and historical records,which provides important theoretical value and reference for the current political and academic development of China.