铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下的民族地区语言治理方案:基于河池、百色的语言使用情况调查

A Study of Language Governance Plan in Ethnic Minority Areas from the Perspective of Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation:Based on a Survey on Language Use in Hechi and Baise

在铸牢中华民族共同体意识背景下,推动具有共同性的国家通用语与具有差异性的民族语言和谐共存、协调发展。基于对河池、百色两地的民族地区语言使用情况进行调查,沿着“国家通用语和壮语均衡发展、倡导多语多文化共同繁荣”的语言文字发展思路,提出民族地区语言治理方案为:其一,精细化开展推普工作,彰显推普工作的广度、深度和温度;其二,固化少数民族语言文字的社会地位,保护和传承少数民族语言,具体包括:用政策法规固化壮语等少数民族语言的社会地位,在母语地区和民族聚居区营造民族语言使用的环境;在广西少数民族群众比较集中的地区开办实施双语教育的幼儿园、小学以及中学;加大少数民族语言宣传力度,开发人性化的多种语言文化服务,发展语言产业。研究结论旨在为我国铸牢中华民族共同体意识的民族地区语言治理方案贡献广西智慧。

This research surveyed language issues in the Hechi and Baise ethnic areas,focusing on language use,language attitude,language ability,and language education using the questionnaire form,covering 380 respondents.The main problems found in the survey outcome appear to be a tendency towards language uniformity,as well as an unbalanced development between a growing proficiency in the standard Chinese language and a decreasing command of the Zhuang language and dialects.Residents of both localities seem to generally accept,learn,and use Putonghua,but they have an ambiguous attitude of“liking but not being obsessed”towards the Zhuang language and regional dialects such as Guiliu,Hakka,and Cantonese.This language attitude is especially prevalent among language users under the age of 45.The reason why Putonghua can stand out in the multilingual environment of Guangxi not only seems to be the likely result of globalization but also the effect of advancement of the Standard Chinese spoken and written language in China.In addition,the esidents’or even teachers’Putonghua in fact is not so standard and the“Zhuang accent”is quite noticeable when they speak Putonghua.Meanwhile,the vast majority of children and teenagers can’t or refuse to speak the Zhuang language,so apparently there’s inadequate motivation to keep the Zhuang language inheritance alive.The article infers that a living tradition of all ethnic languages,as well as unimpeded communication among all ethnic peoples,constitute a vital foundation for language governance that fosters a sense of community for the Chinese nation in ethnic minority areas.Hence,on the one hand,efforts should be made to maintain the vitality and conventional use of ethnic languages as well as the number of specialists who research these languages.In this way,we conceivably avoid the weakening or extinction of some ethnic languages,evading potential gaps or difficulties in the passing on of ethnic culture.On the other hand,this study proposes implementing policies in a targeted manner to further promote Putonghua and continue to boost“bilingual”or“multilingual”proficiency among ethnic peoples(speaking fluent Putonghua as well as their own ethnic languages).Other measures would be giving full play to the advantages of Standard Chinese and better promoting the spread and sharing of ethnic culture effectively.This arguably would lay a solid foundation of language communication,forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.Based on the problems displayed in survey results,along with the language development concept of“balanced development of standard Chinese and the Zhuang language,and the common prosperity of a multi-language and multi-culture society”,this research concludes the following for language governance programs in ethnic minority areas:First,to effectively promote Putonghua,highlight the breadth,depth,and emotive impact of the Putonghua promotion work;second,to further solidify the social status of ethnic minority languages,protect and inherit ethnic languages;and develop people-friendly multi-language and cultural services.