赴阿拉伯国家中文教师社会文化适应探析

Analysis on the Social and Cultural Adaptation of Chinese Language Teachers to Arabian Countries

随着首届“中阿峰会”和“中海峰会”的举办,中文助力中国和阿拉伯民心相通的作用将更具战略意义。赴阿拉伯国家中文教师是中阿语言文化交流工作的直接承载者,对阿拉伯社会文化的适应是该群体赴任后的首要挑战。本研究结合社会文化适应内外部影响因素和经典量表制定问卷,通过统计分析和访谈揭示了赴阿教师社会文化适应的整体样态、差异性并提出策略建议。具体而言,赴阿拉伯国家中文教师整体适应情况良好,但跨文化经历和知识技能的缺失使其面临各种困难。教师的适应障碍具有典型的阿拉伯特征,可被归纳为6种类型:社会治理适应、宗教习俗和观念制度适应、交友和自我表露适应、行事风格适应、环境和外出适应、语言和社交适应。在差异性方面,海外工作经历、知识技能、旅居时间的增加对适应状态具有不同程度的积极作用,赴阿拉伯国家中文教师的社会文化适应存在较大的国别差异和微弱的人口统计学差异。通过区域型师资建设、社会支持网络和专业发展共同体、障碍类型和适应策略、风险管理可进一步促进赴阿拉伯国家中文教师社会文化适应和专业发展,保障国际中文教育工作的区域化开展。

With the holding of China-Arab States Summit and China-Gulf Cooperation Council Summit,the role of Chinese in promoting Sino-Arab people-to-people connection will be of more strategic significance.Chinese language teachers going to Arabian countries are direct conveyors of the language and cultural exchanges between China and Arabian countries,and their adaptation to the Arabian society and culture remains primary challenges.In this study,questionnaires were combined with internal and external influencing factors of social and cultural adaptation and classical scales.Through statistical analysis and interview,the overall pattern and differences of the social and cultural adaptation of Chinese language teachers in Arabian countries were revealed and strategies were proposed.To be more specific,Chinese language teachers to Arabian countries are generally well adapted,but their cross-cultural experience and lack of knowledge and skills leave them to various difficulties.The adjustment disorder of teachers have typical Arabian characteristics,which can be summarized into six types as follows:adaptation to social governance,religious customs and ideas and system adaptation,making friends and self-disclosure adaptation,acting style adaptation,environment adaptation,language and social adaptation.In terms of differences,the increase of overseas working experience,knowledge and skills accumulation,and travel time augment can have positive effects on the adaptation ability to various degrees.The social and cultural adaptation of Chinese language teachers to Arabian countries demonstrate significant country differences and weak demographic differences.Through regional teacher resource construction,social support network and professional development community,obstacle types and adaptation strategies,as well as risk management,we can further promote the social and cultural adaptation and professional development of Chinese language teachers to Arabian countries,and ensure regional development of international Chinese language education.