新形势下马来西亚华文教育风险及应对策略——基于生态系统理论

Risk and Countermeasures of Chinese Language Education in Malaysia Under the New Situation:Study Based on Ecosystem Theory

在百年大变局与新冠疫情交叠的新形势下,马来西亚华文教育面临更多潜在风险。本研究基于生态系统理论视角,从宏观、外观、中观及微观四个系统层面对马来西亚华文教育相关文献进行梳理和分析,识别新形势下各系统层面的风险内容;同时讨论四个系统层面的互动作用,明确各系统风险对华文教育的影响力。其中,宏观系统风险践行于外观系统以引导华文教育全局,中微观系统受制于宏外观系统风险直接影响华文教育。最后,结合四个系统的风险内容及互动作用,建议发挥各支点主体的能动性以应对各系统风险,即激活马来西亚华人群体的活力以降低宏外观系统风险;创新教育理念,构建“学校—家庭—社区”三位一体机制以降低中观系统风险;推进华校供给侧结构性改革以降低微观系统风险,从而为马来西亚华文教育的可持续发展提供理论和实践指导。

In the new situation of great changes in a century and the COVID-19 pandemic,Chinese language education in Malaysia faces more potential risks.Based on the perspective of ecosystem theory,this study reviews and analyzes the relevant literature of Chinese language education in Malaysia from four system levels:macro level,outside appearance,median level and micro level,to identify the risk content of each system level under the new situation.At the same time,the article discusses the interaction of the four system levels to clarify the influence of each system risk on Chinese language education.To be more specific,the macro system risk is implemented in the appearance system to guide the overall situation of Chinese language education;the median and micro systems are subject to macro appearance system while directly affect Chinese education.Finally,combining with the risk content and interaction of the four systems,the article proposes to fully initiate each fulcrum subject to deal with the risk of each system,or to activate the vitality of the Chinese people in Malaysia to reduce the risk of the macro appearance system.Innovate educational concepts,so as to construct a combined mechanism of“school-family-community”to reduce the mediansystem risk.Promote the supply-side structural reform of Chinese schools to reduce the microsystem risk.It can thus provide theoretical and practical guidance for the sustainable development of Chinese language education in Malaysia.