新疆青铜时代考古学文化多样性的形成与发展

The Formation and Development of Archaeological Cultural Diversity of Bronze Age in Xinjiang

新疆青铜时代自公元前3千纪中期左右逐渐展开,形成了相互关联的多个重要地区,分别与周边区域发生交流与互动。各区域考古学文化时代不尽相同,传承有自,构成了新疆地区青铜时代的文明图景。包括哈密盆地、吐鲁番地区、准噶尔盆地、帕米尔高原以及环塔里木盆地等八九个区域,在青铜时代均形成了各自的文化特点,同时也保持彼此的交流与交融。仔细探讨各区域考古学文化特点,以及相邻区域交互影响或渗透、碰撞,是观察新疆青铜时代文化多样性的重要渠道。本文从新疆地区青铜时代的考古学文化分区入手,梳理各自主要特点和文化联系与交流的历史事实,力图勾勒不同区域内考古学文化发展的样态和基本特点,探讨新疆青铜时代文化多样性形成和发展的基本形态、动因与过程。

The Bronze Age of Xinjiang begins to unfold around the 3rd millennium BC,and it gives rise to several interconnected important regions,all of which communicate and interact with surrounding regions respectively.These regions have different periods of archaeological culture and different origins;together they create a unique view of Bronze Age culture in Xinjiang.In the Bronze Age,around eight to nine regions,including Hami basin,Turpan area,Junggar basin,Pamir plateau,and rim of the Tarim basin,all fostered their unique culture features,as well as kept exchanging and blending with each other.To probe into the archaeological culture features of these regions in-depth,and to explore how adjacent regions influence,intertwine and interact with each other,is one crucial channel for us to observe the cultural diversity of Bronze Age in Xinjiang.Starting with the archaeological cultural partition of Bronze Age culture in Xinjiang area,this article will,1)comb through their respective features,and historical evidence of their cultural connection and exchange,2)depict the pattern and basic characteristics of archaeological culture development of different regions,and 3)explore the basic form,motivation,and process of the formation and development of archaeological cultural diversity of Bronze Age in Xinjiang.