中华民族共同体意识的历史考察

Historical Investigation on the Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation

中华民族共同体作为一个有着密切内在联系的统一整体,是在历史长河中逐渐形成的,并在中国各民族共同发展中不断发展与巩固。生活在中华大地上的各民族在起源时期即存在着一定的内在联系性,并表现出相互吸收、交融的特点与统一的趋势。经过夏、商、周时期的交往交流交融,逐渐形成了一个稳定的民族共同体——华夏族。萌芽于夏、商、西周的大一统思想,经春秋战国时期的丰富与发展,随着秦汉统一的多民族国家的建立而完善、确立,表现在认识和处理民族关系上就是“华夷一统”。以后经过魏晋南北朝民族大融合,大一统思想为内迁各少数民族所接受,中华各民族间的内在联系与密不可分的整体性得到进一步加强。隋唐大统一促进了各民族的交流与融合,而辽、西夏、金非汉民族的发展及其对中华的认同,加强了中华民族文化的内在统一,中华整体观念得到强化与发展。经过元、明、清的进一步发展,中华整体观念深入人心,“华夷一统”发展为各民族共为中华的思想,中华民族共同体意识日渐清晰,并在近代全国各族人民反帝反封建的民族解放斗争中得到升华,成为凝聚各族人民的强大精神力量。

As an integrated entirety with close internal connection,the community for the Chinese nation takes its shape as the river of history flows,and develops and solidifies itself alongside the common development of all ethnic groups in China.Ever since the origin,an internal connection exists among various ethnic groups living on the vast land of China and shows the characteristics of absorption and integration as well as a common trend of unification.A relatively stable community for the Chinese nation takes its shape after a long term of exchanges,communication and integration in the Dynasties of Xia,Shang and Zhou.The idea of“Great Unification,”which originated in the Xia(夏),Shang(商)and Western Zhou(西周)Dynasty,enriched and developed during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period,and completed and established as the founding of unitary multi-nation state of Qin(秦)and Han(汉)Dynasty,embodied itself in understanding and handling ethnic relations as“Hua-Yi Unification(华夷一统).”After the National Integration during Wei(魏),Jin(晋),and Southern and Northern Dynasties(南北朝),the idea of Great Unification was accepted by immigrated ethnic minorities,which further enhanced the internal connection and integrity of ethnic groups in China.Sui-Tang Unification(隋唐大统一)promoted exchanges and interactions among different ethnic groups;and the development of non-Han ethnic groups including Liao(辽),Western Xia(西夏)and Jin(金)and their identification with Huaxia/China(华夏/中华)further strengthened the inner integrity of Chinese national culture as well as the idea of the Chinese nation as an integrated entirety.Alongside the development of Yuan(元),Ming(明)and Qing(清)Dynasties,the idea of the Chinese nation as an integrated entirety struck root in the hearts of the people,the idea of“Hua-Yi Unification”(华夷一统)was sublimated into the idea of“All Ethnic Groups for the Chinese Nation”(各民族共为中华),and the sense of community for the Chinese nation was getting increasingly clear,which was to be sublimated during the anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism struggle for national liberation by Chinese people of all ethnic groups in modern times and served as an overwhelming spiritual power which bound together Chinese people from all ethnic groups.