满通古斯语族语言的长元音

On the Long Vowels in Tungus Languages

满通古斯语族语言元音数量保持一个固定数量,与相邻语言接触未能导致发生其元音系统中长短对立的变化。满通古斯语族语言元音系统没有长短元音对立现象是其原发性特征,符合阿尔泰语系元音系统特点,与阿尔泰语系中的突厥语族语言、蒙古语族语言一致。阿尔泰语系语言元音长短变化与发音习惯相关,与语义对立无关,元音时值表现出自由变体特点。

Some Chinese researchers of Tungus languages believe that there are long vowels in the languages of Manchu Tungus language family.However,from linguistic perspective such as meaning contrasts in minimal pairs and from the field work done by the authors of this paper,this assumption is not correct.Studies of the languages of the Altaic language phylum show that the lack of long vowels is a common phenomenon.Thus,being the member languages in the Altaic language phylum,the lack of long vowels in Manchu Tungus languages certainly keep this typological feature.This paper’s study reveals that the incorrect assumption mentioned above is due to these researchers’lack of linguistic understanding of factors that affect the length of vowels,such as phonological environments and pragmatic situations.