金朝后期的弩军制度

System of Crossbowmen Troop and Its Development in Jurchen's Regime

金朝后期,由于战马稀缺等因素,以铁骑为军事优势的金朝转向了依靠弩军的力量,弩军在戍守边境和维护地方治安方面发挥了重要作用,这一制度被元朝统治者所继承并充分利用。在弩军军制的建构方面,金朝弩军分为中央军和地方军。中央弩军守卫京城和皇室的安全,地方弩军主要设置在边疆地区。金朝后期在对抗西夏和蒙古骑兵入侵之时,由于金朝骑兵力量被削弱,以步制骑的弩军发挥了重要的作用。

Jurchen Regime had established Crossbowmen troops for protecting the central and local areas.Crossbowmen troops were called"Wejie(powerful and fast)"and"Weiyong(powerful and brave)",which were controlled by Department of Defense.They were responsible for guarding the imperial city and the emperor.Local crossbowmen troops were controlled by local government and they were responsible for keeping peace of the local areas.At the end of Jurchen’s regime,Xixia and Mongolia kept invading Jurchen’s territory,so the Jurchen emperor established Jurchen’s armies for fighting Xixia and Mongolian armies.In these periods,the system of crossbowmen troops more often acted according to circumstances,which brought effective defense to imperial city and local areas.These methods were latter adopted by Emperors in Yuan dynasty.