“雪里芭蕉”:朱熹对文人美学的理学批判

“Plantain in the Snow”:Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism Critique of Literati Aesthetics

“雪里芭蕉”是文人美学的核心命题,朱熹认为它存在禅理倾向,以“雪中无芭蕉”“不合画了芭蕉”“误画了芭蕉”反对该命题。朱熹以“空虚寂灭”“陷溺其心”“义理灭尽”批判“雪里芭蕉”,以虚实、形神、真妄为视角扭转文人美学追求“不问四时”“忘形得意”“奥理冥造”的禅理之风,通过辨析儒学、佛学何者为本,提出“诚实端悫”“形生神发”“鸢飞鱼跃”的理学美学观。

“Plantain in the Snow”is the core proposition of literati aesthetics.Zhu Xi believed that it had a color of Zen philosophy.He opposed this proposition by arguing that“there is no Plantain in the snow”,“it is not proper to paint the Plantain”,and“it mistakenly paints Plantain”.Zhu Xi criticized“Plantain in the Snow”with the concepts of“emptiness and silence”,“mind being immersed”,and“Completely destroy of the truth”.Based on the relationship of emptiness and reality,form and spirit,and truth and delusion,he reversed the Zen style of literati aesthetics that pursued“not asking about the four seasons”,“forgetting one's form and being proud”,and“profound and mysterious creation”.By distinguishing the significances of Confucianism and Buddhism,he proposed a Neo-Confucianism aesthetic view of“Combining freehand and realistic writing”,“harmonization between soma and spirit”,and“the harmony between man and nature”.